When subsea boosting was implemented in 1994,it opened a new frontier for offshore developments. In today’s tough environment the technology has become more impactful than it was back then. The industry of late has been looking to innovative technologies in an unprecedented manner to overcome low oil-price woes. Introducing innovative methodology associated with subsea boosting technology aligned with project specifics is becoming even more relevant during the recent industry downturn. The value of subsea boosting technology is now being closely associated with a fixed development concept that takes into account various boosting methodologies including tiebacks, well deferral and brownfield revitalization.
Subsea boosting will improve field economics by reducing backpressure on the reservoir, which will increase produc-tion rates. By allowing the pump to reduce the backpres-sure on the reservoir, an increase in well flow rates and total recoverable reserves results and flow assurance improve-ments such as increasing velocity in pipelines, temperature increases and production stability also are achieved. Deep-water and ultradeepwater Gulf of Mexico (GoM) operators who are embracing this technology (which has been used in other regions for some time) stand to gain much from both the production and economic perspectives.
At higher oil prices more wells were being drilled, flow-lines were being added and more subsea hardware was the norm. Today the industry downturn has helped to highlight different approaches to field developments such as tiebacks, well deferral and brownfield revitalization.
The tieback option and use of a subsea pump is attractive in terms of reducing overall field develop-ment capital costs and improved recovery rates. In the instance of day-one boosting, net present value can be significantly increased by implementing a phased drilling approach, allowing the operator to see the benefits of the pump to maintain or increase the target production on top of saving drilling costs. In the case of brownfield revitalization, oil production from a mature field can be renewed by using a pump to supplement the amount of energy to drive the reservoir production.
This better understanding of economically viable alternatives has led to customizing the methodology associated with each application of subsea boosting. For example, one GoM operator has seen enhanced pro-duction and field life extension. Based on the natural production curves, the required targets could not be reached to make the project economical. However, by implementing a subsea pump, this operator was able to increase production to the target levels and extend the production plateau, thus making the project viable. Cumulative effects of increased recovery also were wit-nessed in the later stages of well life (Figure 1).
In another field, an operator could reach production targets; however, enhanced production was desired. By including a subsea pump in the field architecture, the early years provided an accelerated production wedge that offered an immediate return on investment and a greater return on capex, allowing the project to become economically viable.
Another GoM operator was able to get over the FEED hurdle by applying a well deferral scenario that allowed the company to increase production while maintaining a better return on investment.
The operator had originally planned to drill multiple wells. However, the operator was struggling to pass the FEED stage. By deferring two wells and only drill-ing three initial wells, the operator was able to use a subsea pump to boost these three wells, increasing production and in turn paying back costs incurred at project startup (Figure 2).
When a GoM operator’s reservoir was maturing and reaching the end of its natural production, the oper-ator decided to evaluate subsea boosting technology as a concept to remove the overburden and constant pressures being placed on the reservoir. Through the implementation of subsea boosting, the operator was able to revitalize the field and extend field life by many years. This allowed further reduction in overall life-of-field costs. Subsea pumps were able to reduce well-head pressure while increasing total recoverables. The subsea pump also was used to alleviate flow assurance instabilities. Terrain slugging was present due to the maturing natural production. By the pump increasing velocities in the flowline, slugging concerns were elimi-nated. An additional enhancement of pump operations was the ability to restart flowing conditions from the weak wells. Taking advantage of these multiple subsea pump operational benefits, an additional 30 MMbbl were recovered.
Subsea boosting technology, when combined with a well-planned and well-executed development design, yields economically viable projects and delivers the optimal solution for various well conditions and development drivers. With a multitude of GoM wells possi-ble to be tied back and many brownfields on the decline, options abound for operators in the GoM to leverage subsea boosting as a technology and economic enabler. Under the current economic conditions sub-sea boosting promises to become a concept that will continue to challenge the industry to reevaluate project development scenarios.